Monkeys reach sexual maturity at different ages depending on their species. Generally, smaller monkey species mature faster than larger ones.
For example, common squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) reach sexual maturity around 2-4 years of age. In contrast, larger primates like baboons (Papio spp.) or macaques (Macaca spp.) may take 4-7 years to mature. Great apes, like chimpanzees, take even longer, typically maturing between 8-10 years.
Once they reach maturity, monkeys can mate and reproduce for most of their adult lives. In the wild, many monkey species continue mating until old age, though fertility may decline over time. For example, female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) can reproduce until about 25 years of age, while males can remain fertile for most of their lives. However, factors such as health, environment, and social status affect their reproductive success. Dominant males in social groups often have more mating opportunities, while lower-ranking males may struggle to find mates.
Monkeys reproduce primarily through natural mating behaviors, often influenced by seasonal changes, food availability, and social structures. Some species, like baboons, exhibit visible signs of fertility in females, such as swelling and color changes in their genital areas. Others rely on subtle hormonal signals and social interactions to attract mates.
In captivity, monkeys may have longer reproductive lifespans due to better nutrition and medical care. However, in the wild, stress, predation, and competition can shorten their mating years.
Overall, monkeys can start mating once they reach maturity, typically between 2-7 years of age, depending on the species, and continue mating for most of their lives, with females experiencing a decline in fertility as they age.